PART THREE: WINDOWS
- THE MOST IMPORTANT SINGLE ELEMENT ON A FACADE
EARLY SETTLEMENT:
- windows arranged in regular rhythms, often based on formal proportioning systems.
GEORGIAN:
- british great influence in making and organisation of windows.
- double sliding shash = english window
- new law = timber frame be set into the wall = visisble components made slender
VICTORIAN:
- double action, sliding sash = universal window
- later full pane windows became popular
- larger glass panes were available
- symmetry was disregarded and teh bay window became increasingly popular
- asymmetry and picturesque compositions dominated the style.
EDWARDIAN:
- tudor revival = an increase of exposed timber on the exterior walls.
MODERISM:
-technology had greatly increased the size of window panels
-windows occupy a greater proportion of the wall
- free plan = windows became specialised walls
PART FOUR : FRONT DOORS:
EARLY SETTLEMENT:
- entrance door next to teh gable
- most important decorativr element in the facade, set in its centre.
- commonl known = "stable doors"
- above door is a fanlight
GEORGIAN:
- centrally placed with elaborate fanlight
- composition of doorway based on the orders = corinthian, ionic and doric
VICTORIAN:
- evolved from late georgian style
- typified by heavier mouldings around the openings
- various architectural styles and disregard for symmetry
- late style = marked by the arts and crafts revival
EDWARDIAN:
- trends = neo baroque, arts and crafts, neo georgian
MODERNISM:
- undeco rated planar elements, usually brightly coloured = announce special status
- often off centre piviot doors,under stated frames
PART FIVE : STAIRS
EARLY SETTLEMENT:
- not to be a feature = very simple
- mainly at the back close to the kitchen
GEORGIAN:
- expressed in simple, elegant forms
- offered some grandeur yet with economy of space
- main stylistic pre - occupations = lighten all the members
VICTORIAN:
- substituted by balusters of extremely large proportions
- most of teh period = both cast iron and lathe turned timber commonly used
- later= stringers became more massive and rounded and often incorporated decorative fretwork
- timber panneling = storage under the stair
EDWARDIAN:
- not a separate element = incorporated into the structure
- stringer closed, stairs visually heavier or more solid
MODERNISM:
- development of steel and reinforced concrete = profound influence
- variety of modern materials = substitute conventional balustrades
- some buildings = sculptural element in the compaition of the spaces
- movement as a primary ordering structure in spatial terms = ramps alternative
- spatial indentity of each individua element is often a characteristic feature.
PART SIX : FIRE PLACES
EARLY SETTLEMENT:
- generally situated in teh kitchen
- most homes had relatively plain kitchen hearths
GEORGIAN:
- simple fire places reflected the classical orders
- characterised by classical motifs, symmetry and a fairly wide mantel shelf
VICTORIAN:
- principles of the georgian fire place came into play
- change = development of a register grated
- rooms centred aroud the fire place
EDWARDIAN:
- chimney pieces either = art nouveau or tudor influence
- range = been decorated to much plainer brick built english inspired fittings
MODERN:
- clean rationalism replaced ornamentation
- aesthetics determined by effective functioning
- effectively became a hole in the wall with some idaptations = structurally more fanciful fire places
PART SEVEN : SUMMARY
key ordinary elements = spaces, planes, fenstration etc. = most obvious and easily recognisable differences in the way architects detail buildings at different phases of architectural history.
- look at how technology is used to appreciate how buildings are detailed
- also standard situations that require special attention
- recognise the special circumstances that need to be particularised
- details acccur thoughout a building and each and every one has to be considered and designed
- wall and ceiling meet = cornices
- walls and floor meet = skirtings
- windows and doors formed in walls
- buildings touch the earth = plinths
- buildings touch the sky = roof
- roof meets walls = fascias
- walls meet walls (stairs , fireplaces , fittings )
KiSsEs... :-)
