HUMAN TRAFFICKING

NOW THIS IS A SERIOUS PROBLEM IN OUR WORLD. I THOUGHT IT HAPPENED IN POOR COUNTRIES OUTSIDE OF SOUTH AFRICA, BUT IT WAS TO MY SURPRISE AND ANGER TO HEAR THAT MY OWN CITY -CAPE TOWN IS THE SEX CITY OF SOUTH AFRICA. YOUNG CHILDREN, WOMEN AND EVEN BOYS ARE TRICKED, MISLEAD, AND TRAPPED INTO SLAVERY SUCH AS SEX WORKERS, CHILD LABOURS AND SO MUCH MORE. IN TODAY'S WORLD WE HAVE MORE SLAVES THAN THE TIME WHEN SLAVERY WAS LEGAL...THINK OF THIS GUYS....WE NEED TO DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT....
ON SATURDAY I WENT TO A CAMPAIGN CALLED THE FRAGRANCE OF FREEDOM

FRAGRANCE OF FREEDOM

THIS EVENT WAS FOR ME TO LEARN MORE ABOUT HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND FIND OUT WAYS FOR ME TO HELP AND PREVENT MYSELF AND MY LOVED ONES FROM THIS.

THE EVENT ALSO SPOKE ABOUT WOMEN AND CHILD ABUSE... HOW WE CAN FIGHT IT.

LET US STAND UP AND FIGHT FOR EVERYONES RIGHTS AS HUMANS AND AS OUR FAMILIES.

CHECK OUT THESE WEBSITES TO LEARN FAR MORE AND YOU WILL BE SHOCKED YOU WILL ONLY HAVE TO HELP.

http://www.free2work.org/

http://www.justiceacts.org/

http://www.s-cape-home.org/

national human trafficking hotline: 0800555999



thank you

FIRST DAY OF REVIT COURSE AT TECH

WOW... revit is a revolution for architecture..i must say.. plan,sections,elevations,3d and more all automatically. yet i am abit lost due to the fact that classes started yesterday so i lost out on that.
today we finalised a basic square house with a roof , windows and doors...even added some trees around it...lol.
it may in some sort have the same aspects as that of autocad...making it easier to understand.
i learnt that even though you can work on one page at things happen on the other , one has to always go back and forth to check that even drawing matches the other.
i wanted to post one of my drawings but  i can not seem to get that right now.
CHEERS..: - )

MY FAMILY

Open publication - Free publishing - More family

I LOVE THEM AND THOUGHT I SHOULD SHARE...

sketches of joints from the greenpoint park-in my sketch book

more information can be seen under the MIP tab above.

cheers..!

DAY 8: ST.MICHEAL’S PRIMARY, DESIGN BUILD PROJECT

As most of the work was completed yesterday, today was a day of cleaning up and preparing for the handing over ceremony- this was also to involve the children and teachers, even us the students into the design by getting everyone to paint their hand print on the wall and also using the rocks painted by the children to decorate around the pergola.

My main learning of this day was our feedback session. John – the architect spoke about one of the things which we left out which was SITE ORGANISATION. This was us establishing where everything should be and how it would work on site. This is mainly management but enables smoother working conductions.

We spoke about site setting and accuracy of measuring, one needs to do this well and has to be checked more than once before construction occurs. Equipments have to be used correctly and also use one’s eyes to see and check things.

SUSTAINABILITY- this topic came about when we spoke about materials. The ideal conduction is any site is to source materials from the area; this boosts the economy and works well to bring about sustainability. When designing, one needs to think about such things as to design and built a sustainable building/structure. It is advice that we research and find out many materials with the best characteristics for the job.

This also showed me the difference between commercial building and design build projects. What we did in 8-9 days would have taken about 2-3 days commercially due to costs and more factors that arise. There was a great deal of attention to detail and perseverance during our project and it paid off in the end, we did great and the project was a success, everyone was happy.

UNTIL WE BUILD AGAIN...:-)

DAY 7: ST.MICHEAL’S PRIMARY, DESIGN BUILD PROJECT

This day I allowed my emotions/feelings get the better of me. I learnt my lesson only on our way back to tech which was not too late yet if only I had grown up and being more professional I would have made the most of my day.

Today was of me doing nothing much except for observing others working and only as the day was at its end did I help vanish the top stairs and platform after the cladding ws added and I also did most of the cleaning up.

I looked at the detailing of the structures which was innovative and very organic in my opinion. A great deal of work was done today and all that is left to do is finalise the cleaning up of the complete site and hall where some of the materials was stored and sorted out. We also need to set up for the handing over ceremony tomorrow.

Today I learnt that I have to be professional at all times at work, it is about the work and project and not my emotions, as they will impede me from been productive and gaining more knowledge. I should have an open mind and have a respectful manner of speaking and approaching people around me.

SITTING ON TOP OF THE SKYSCRAPER..!



DAY 6: ST.MICHEAL’S PRIMARY, DESIGN BUILD PROJECT



Today was a busy day and for me it seemed to be the most productive as the structures came along well, quickly and are in good condition. We were few yet the work was done super.

I worked on the top stairs and platform again today placing the cladding on the frame structure; here I learnt much about certain tools. We first set out the planks as per bay- this was more learning on planning and checking work before final construction. We set out lines for the screwing so that we created a pattern even with screwing nails- this showed attention to details. We continued with drilling holes at the marked points, then using a sunken drill to sink the marked section on the plank down as to have the screws protected from later sanding the planks.

I thought before that using such tools would be dangerous and tough for me but today I was drilling away and having fun with my team, I was using the poise bit, sunken drill, screws and more tools. I learnt that one needs to receive guidance first, to listen, observe on site and even ask before using any tools.

Our team worked so efficiently and well together, well, we had a leader who was someone respectful and gave us all something to do, learn and more.

WE WILL MEET AT THE END OF THE BRIDGE..LOL!

DAY 5: ST.MICHEAL’S PRIMARY, DESIGN BUILD PROJECT

Tuesday was a relaxed day, I helped around here and there but my main work was on the platform of the decking of the top stairs. I helped around so that I would have a feel and understanding of everything that happens on site, to learn about the materials, the construction, detailing and functions of each structure on site.

We worked in groups to screw on the timber trusses to the gum pole foundations and the wall plate. This was more exercise on using the spirit level and I even noticed that it also indicates perpendicular lines and parallel lines, this was a great discovery. After everything was connected we vanished the timber planks to protect it with from the elements using the same vanish as used on the timber trusses for the pergola, which was oil based called, pro-nature. After vanishing with one coat the frame work resembled steel in a rusty manner.

I am gaining more and more knowledge with regards to team work, this is a tough issue as everyone has their own ideas and thoughts, yet is very much a part of life and the working profession.

KEEP ON BUILDING IT!

DAY 4: ST MICHEAL’S PRIMARY, DESIGN BUILD PROJECT



Today we finalized the gum pole foundations which went faster than the day before. The wall plates were also inserted today but that was done by the guys, they just never want us ladies near them.

At the tasks of today I learnt the importance of setting out correctly and always rechecking ones setting out. At the process of inserting the gum poles and wall plates we found that our poles were not in line and many of them were not in the right distance from the wall, thus we had to remove some of the gum poles, re measure and then construct the foundations and insert the gum poles. During the days processes I understood that women still have a long way to go at times. The guys assume that we cannot do many of the things on site, we as the ladies found ourselves without much to do as guys would push us away of just re do everything we did only to end up with the same results. Here again I saw the necessity of team work at creating of system of working in order to work faster and have great results.

Later on in the day we set out the planks which will be used for cladding the platform and stairs at the top of the site. At this exercise it was about learning to first calculate and understand what is needed before setting the materials out and continuing with construction. This process also involved calculating and using the material wisely as not to waste materials. For a project such as ours which was mainly based on sponsorships, great care is needed in the manner in which materials, money and time is  spend…thus a good deal of organizing was need from every team on site , which my team managed to do very well today.

UNTIL NEXT TIME...KEEP ON BUILDING!

DAY THREE: ST.MICHEAL’S PRIMARY, DESIGN BUILD PROJECT

Today there was a few of us who came to site and I think it is mainly due to the fact that it is Saturday.

I realized that it is important to be committed in what you do, every task you are given and even as a small time, with communication, planning, good organizing, hard work and respect for each other, the work will be done and it will be done well.

Today I continued working on the platform and stairs at the top of the site. We rechecked all the measurements and site setting out points which is very complicated yet needs to be done accurately to produce a stable structure. We dug up more of the holes for the foundations and placed flat rocks below to give the gum poles a strong stable base as the only force mainly acting apon the gum pole foundations would be gravity which pushes downwards. This was done because the site contains loose soil/sand, and the gum poles needed a stronger foundation.

After e compacted the sand from the site which we dug out before using force downward created by stomping poles downwards and even jumping inside the foundations and adding water and a minimal amount of cement around the gum poles.

This compaction was done after every 100mm mixed which was thrown into the hole, compacted and then more added until it was filled.

The straightness of the gum pole had to be checked regularly using the leveler as the friction of compaction often moved the gum pole. We only managed to insert 3 foundations today but seen the setting out is complete, constructing the structure will be fairly quicker.

-       OBSERVATION ON SITE: today I observed the erecting of the timber trusses which were connected to the main vertical gum pole columns by means of nuts and bolts. Here the longest process again is basically setting out and checking measurements continuously to have a well and stable structure as an end result.

-       I also observed the making of the foundation for the bottom stairs which if I am not mistaken was called the plinth foundation whereby they dug a path and closed it up with large rocks from the quarry. I do not know much about it but will find out on Monday and share with all.

ByE bYe...!

DAY TWO: ST.MICHEAL’S PRIMARY , DESIGN BUILD PROJECT

Today I continued with the painting of the timber beams in the morning, but it was mainly of the main beams (225mm beams).

My new job for the day was to do the measuring for the drawing of the top stairs and platform.

-       This was done by measuring the centres of each bay then setting out the gum poles at each bay’s centre according to each bay’s measurement. Each bay set out to have 3 gum poles.

-       We premeasured the plan for further redrawing of the final plan.

-       - I used an angle and leveler with the building line rope for the first time and understanding each of the instrument’s purposes and functions, also to measure out the perpendicular line.

-       This allowed me to be familiar with construction equipment and measuring equipment.

-       We set out the datum pole as our reference point/ starting point and then drilled height holes as reference.

-       THE PLAN:

cHeErS....!!

DAY ONE: ST.MICHEAL’S PRIMARY DESIGN BUILT PROJECT

Well this was the first of many learning and challenging experiences for all who will be taking part.

Today I started off with painting vanish on the timber wood. We used an oil based vanish which was pro-nature based. Thus protecting the wood from the elements such as wind, waterproofing and also from breaking easily. We had to apply three coats on all sides for each timber beam. One coat, allow 12hrs to dry then apply the next etc.

OBSERVATION ON SITE: today we finished up digging and setting out the holes for the foundations of the gum pole columns. The foundation was 800x800x800mm.  The 150mm gum poles were inserted in the centre.

I observed that the site was set out using some type of rope, this I will ask later. The formwork was made up of timber beams to hold up the gum poles.

-crushed rocks and put in to the foundations as primary compaction.

- Added rubble= from demolished structures etc.

- The poured concrete, readymade, ratio= large rocks in the concrete- this is due to the looseness of the soil on site.

The fire place= we opened it and turned it around so that it may be outside and opened to the structure that we are building. Then we closed it off on the inside by starting to build a wall. This fire place is now turned into a braai space.

SITE SET OUT

After lunch we had a quick lesson of the site set out and how it is generally done in a typical build construction.

-       Fix point to start and create a straight line(- - -  - )

-       Then made a right angle (3, 4, 5 triangle) this is to be able to find a right angle and a starting point for all other measurements.

-       For the height reference pole, the main pole needs to be cemented into the NGL and only removed after construction is finished. This datum pole is to line up the different heights.

This day I learnt more about concrete and lime.

-       Lime takes a longer period to harden (example: the London bridge build of lime) yet concrete takes longer thus will deteriorate quicker, which it does after it has hardened.

-       Concrete is more natural than lime as concrete also contains parts of lime.

-       Spoke more about the components of lime yet did not understand therefore will have to learn more.

Water pump = measuring correct vertical levels using gravity of water- most correct as it works with gravity.

TEAM WORK OBSERVATIONS: today I learnt that working in a group needs to be organized and be about the team working together the same goal. In the group that I was working in today, we came up with a system of painting and drying which worked very well for us as we managed to paint a large amount of timber. We worked and the job was done well, in time and we had fun.

UnTiL nExT tImE...!!!

CAPTURING ARCHITECT

THE EL PORVENIR KINDERGARTEN IN BOGOTA' COLOUMBIA

 PLACE FIND TIME TO RESEARCH THIS EXTREME ARCHITECTURE.

MUST READ

MIP ESSAYS

well for the past few weeks we have be writing academicc essays which are linked to the concept of our MIP design build project which will take place at ST.Micheals in Elgin.
essays has never been my strongest point , expecially when it comes to word limitations, but i did my best, researched indvance, read as much as i could. these essays improved my architectural discourse fairly , thus i learnt that any reading which is related to the architectural pedogogic language is of extreme assistance for a student.
i am overly excited about this coming block ,it is the final and it is most crucial, very scary i must say as it is the end of everything. yes with regards to my work experience, i lack much but i know now where i have to work harder at and seek help from. one of my biggest weaknesses was my shyness, and unable to speak out. never again, my voice is my strength.
i will definitely post more about the block and my future as an architect.

cHeErS!

THE GREEN SCHOOL-BALI

Hi Guys!
just want us to check out this innovative work of nature in Bali. this school for me it basically learning in nature- is that sweet or what? :-) . the design is not only SUSTAINABLE , its SENSIBLE, my two famous words at the moment- while hopefully forever. this is what we need in our environment now... lets learn, research , explore and grow from wonders such as these!

EXPLORE AND TELL ME MORE...:-)

this week i went on a trip to Houw Hoek- yet i never had a camera with me- not good of an architect to be. the place was a typical old , vintage Cape Town homestead environment....we all should ship out there sometime.

EnJOY ....THE WEEK AHEAD!

BLOCK 2- SUSTAINABLE AND SENSIBLE BUILDING

HeLlo eVeRyOnE !
block two which took place in August was insitful... gaining knowledge from experienced architects and builders about sustainable building which i agree should now be called sensible building , as even sustainability has its disadvantages and some principles will not always be best for a particular area. now we as future architects- creators of the environment have to groom ourselves in sensible designing for the environment and the people.
one of the speakers spoke about ways to think when designing, the design process should not end now, should not onyl focus on the breif, but has to consider the future...future of the structure in relation to the environment and people. can it be recycled, be used for a different function in the future or merely disembled and used for another function- be environmentally friendly and sensible.

PRACTICAL LESSON OF STRAW CONSTRUCTION

i was deeply inspired by architect and philosopher Andrew Horne...great thinker and exercuter indeed.

i learnt much about conceptualism- the fundimentals of having a concept and work with it throughout the design process until the end product.

Construction and Detailing , scary - that is our lecture Mike Rodseth....yet i am very much excited about the built environment and how things are constructed... much to learn from Mr Mike....

ByE..!

TIME IS TICKING

yes indeed, the 8th of August is around the corner and my head is spinning around, i feel as though i am in a worm hole, running around like a headless chicken. if i do not get it all together and focus soon , i will realy get lost. i am not behind with my academic work , just that now i can feel the pressure rising.and now without a job for almost a month has been stressing. i will not lose faith.
i have been doing my tech work, yet at a slow pace. i have to finalise my hub and then get cracking on the presentation and everything else.

PeAcE!

FINAL WEEKS

MoRnINg....

it has been a while seens i have written about the weeks work...due to so much work both from tech and here at work....
these past few weeks have been mainly about finishing up on projects that i have started and then going back on past work to try and bring up the standard.
for this week i finalised the base drawings for the Eeerstestein project and have handed them to the technician and architect.....i can not wait to get to those stages so that i too can design structures, work out costruction details etc....
one of our sisterhood tasks for this month is to renovate , or should i day redecorate our bedrooms. it is really a fun task and i have decided to go the architect, interior designer root...with drawings, plans , elevations..colour schemes ..the whole works...it is exciting.
EESTESTEIN DRAWINGS

honestly i am growing with my experience, it may be small in some elses eyes but for me this small step leads to that great step....

this week i slso started on one of the houses in bo kaap, with the as built drawings for the historical report for council.

EnJoY your weekend GuYs.....KiSsEs!

STUDIOWORK IMAGES

HOUSE SUE-DERICK DE BRUYN

STEEL CONSTRUCTION

steel framed construction with a combination of  concrete-the best solution= tensile and compressive stength.

innovative and simple yet aesthetically pleasing home.

HOUSE KENNEDY - PETER RICH

TIMBER CONSTRUCTION

i feel that the architect wanted to interact with the enviroment with the chosen material. to create a mood, emotions and atmosphere calming and relaxing for the client, this i feel was achieved throught the natural materials used for the house. also the plans, sections indicate the orientation of the spaces, the interaction and uniting of spaces to create this unified whole.

REFERENCE

10+years, 100+buildings, architecture in a democratic South Africa

Ora Joubert (ed.)

kIsSeS.... :-)

PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURE IN BUILDINGS

main loads causes by = GRAVITY ( live and dead loads), vertically downwards

                                = WIND (positve and negative loads) , mainly horizontal and multi directionl

REINFORCED CONCRETE

THE BEAM

concrete = compressive strength

steel = tensile strength

- together = combination =best result

reinforcing - adequate cover + 40mm

                = bar has  good grip to a body of concrete

                = no danger of moisture causing corrosion and spalling

- cantilever = a projecting beam supported at one end

- force of the bending moment = a combination of the load and it's distance from the point of support.

- beams spanning across columns = rienforcing is added at right angles to these lines to resist against failure ( shear failure)

simple slab -  smaller spans between supports

                   = no beams needed

mushroom -  very economical

                  = for large areas of spaces with no complications

flat rib - development of mushroom slab

           = allows longer spans in one direction

pick rib -  beams pick up slab loads and covey them to columns

             = slab becomes thinner

ribs - slab between ribs can be very thin

        = resemble hollow slab

coffer/waffle slab - combination of slab and beam

                           = reasonable overall depth for spans

THE COLUMN

columns = transmit loads from the building to the foundations at given points.

slenderness ration of a column = ration of width or thickness to height = reinforcing needs to be added for a column to take on much more load.

column - one side is in tension and another in compression

           = reinforcing is evenly and symmetrically placed = avoid buckling

- concrete columns and beams are much thicker than steel = juctions (structural elements0 for more rigid and secure.

- at junctions = reinforcing bars take bending moment loads

- at multi-storey buildings = at higher levels columns remain the same size as the lower level = standard size (formwork and finishes)

POPULARITY OF CONCRETE

concrete = fludity - may be moulded to variety of shapes

= pipes and services may be cast in

= finish - keeps its good appearance for longer

=inherent quality lasts indefinitely

= becomes harder and stronger with age

= natural material(sand and stone)

resistance to corrosion

ADVANTAGES OF FRAMED STRUCTURES

- steel and concrete frame replacing masonry or brick load bearing structure

- frame can span freater distances

-larger openings(internally and in hte envelope)

-no load bearing walls = maybe placed anywhere = flexibility in planning

- walls may be of any material (provide basic functions0

- lighter partitions = structural savings

STEEL STRUCTURES

governing principles of steel structure = concrete

- yet method of using some cases differs and overall appearance is very different

-steel = is a different type of material

         = very strong structurally

         = useful tensile qualities(better tensile, higher cost)

         = because of stength -reads lighter and elegant

         = by nature -flexible

         = lower depth-to-span ratio than concrete

STRUCTURAL SHAPES/SECTIONS

- flat steel bar = easily bend

- steel ange will resist a moderate load yet vertical flange under compression will buckle

- resist = add another flange = channel

-more strength = I beam / H section beam - hot rolled sections, process of manufacture

columns = I/H section

trusses = combination of sections used

shorter beam spans = I section

LIGHT GUAGE SECTIONS

- refers to as cold rolled pressed or light guage

- forms = door jambs, in painted steel etc.

- for light loads and smaller spans

- former range from about 8-20mm thick, later average 2mm

- common = roof purlins, vertical sheet clading rails for industrial buildings

COMMON STRUCTURAL FORMS

- barcing or triangulation

- in steel because of smaller joints and flexibility of steel , trusses have to be braced

- rectangular arrangement of members with weak joint will stabilise with bracing

- two ties of bracing are lighter and less costly than one stiff brace = movement maybe in amy direction, therefore, prevented

- application = work out the tendency of movement first then arrange braced to act in tension

- purlins are placed at the jionts where the load is distributed to 3 memebers ar once

-lattice principle(interlaced structure or pattern) make up a prtial frame(entrance0

application = H sections

- stanchions = columns

- roof trusses need to take upward lift = wind, wight of structure is not as strong as the downward force.

- steel framed buildings have additional bracing to prevent movement or deflection in the overall structure.

-steel sheeting for roofing and cladding is profiled(corrugated)

= placed at the top and bottom of teh given depth to stabilise it along its length

= deeper the profile - greater the span

= thicker the sheet - greater the span

- most economical = arranges/ designs must be suitably combined

- principle then = construct the envelope of a thin spanning material, rests on a secondary maybe tertairy support system, rests on main structural frame, rests on columns, rests on foundations, rest on the earth.

- in concrete the lattice principle maybe used in two directions = space frame

depth-to-span ratio

solid I beam = 1:50

castellated beam = 1:40

lattice/space frame = 1:16-20

concrete = 1:12-15

ADVANTAGES OF STEEL

-quick site erection

- structural elements occupy less space

- large span-to-depth ratio

- lighter overall weight than concrete

- elegant and aesthetically apealing

recycleable

DISADVANTAGES OF STEEL

- corrosion from moisture is a problem

- maintenance cost problem

- fire will weaken stel cause to collapse

- movement is more

- quite noisy

REFERENCE

PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURE IN BUILDING

 BY MIKE RODSETH

kIsSeS.... :-)

THINKING TIME

oK....
its time for me to choose...but for now ill just keep it all to myself

HeLL o....EvErYoNe
this week was nothing more then a continution of last week, seems like the days are getting longer but there is not much interest. went out to measure another house in Bo Kaap. 76 dorp street. it was good to go out and the house was yet another historical site. the materials, teh technology and construction of the past leaves much to learnt for us. i must say though that i am learning much about autocad as it has been an uphill problem for me. it is not in anyway easy been a student just been through into the professional world. yet what i have learnt is that to speak is always the best option.
                                                           HOUSE IN BO KAAP

kIsSeS..... :-)

PAUL RIGHINI THINKING ARCHITECTURALLY : CHAPTER 9 - LANGUAGE AND THE PROBLEM OF SEMANTICS

PART THREE: WINDOWS

- THE MOST IMPORTANT SINGLE ELEMENT ON A FACADE

EARLY SETTLEMENT:

- windows arranged in regular rhythms, often based on formal proportioning systems.

GEORGIAN:

- british great influence in making and organisation of windows.

- double sliding shash = english window

- new law = timber frame be set into the wall = visisble components made slender

VICTORIAN:

- double action, sliding sash = universal window

- later full pane windows became popular

- larger glass panes were available

- symmetry was disregarded and teh bay window became increasingly popular

- asymmetry and picturesque compositions dominated the style.

EDWARDIAN:

- tudor revival = an increase of exposed timber on the exterior walls.

MODERISM:

-technology had greatly increased the size of window panels

-windows occupy a greater proportion of the wall

- free plan = windows became specialised walls

PART FOUR : FRONT DOORS:

EARLY SETTLEMENT:

- entrance door next to teh gable

- most important decorativr element in the facade, set in its centre.

- commonl known = "stable doors"

- above door is a fanlight

GEORGIAN:

- centrally placed with elaborate fanlight

- composition of doorway based on the orders = corinthian, ionic and doric

VICTORIAN:

- evolved from late georgian style

- typified by heavier mouldings around the openings

- various architectural styles and disregard for symmetry

- late style = marked by the arts and crafts revival

EDWARDIAN:

- trends = neo baroque, arts and crafts, neo georgian

MODERNISM:

- undeco rated planar elements, usually brightly coloured = announce special status

- often off centre piviot doors,under stated frames

PART FIVE : STAIRS

EARLY SETTLEMENT:

- not to be a feature = very simple

- mainly at the back close to the kitchen

GEORGIAN:

- expressed in simple, elegant forms

- offered some grandeur yet with economy of space

- main stylistic pre - occupations = lighten all the members

VICTORIAN:

- substituted by balusters of extremely large proportions

- most of teh period = both cast iron and lathe turned timber commonly used

- later= stringers became more massive and rounded and often incorporated decorative fretwork

- timber panneling = storage under the stair

EDWARDIAN:

- not a separate element = incorporated into the structure

- stringer closed, stairs visually heavier or more solid

MODERNISM:

- development of steel and reinforced concrete = profound influence

- variety of modern materials = substitute conventional balustrades

- some buildings = sculptural element in the compaition of the spaces

- movement as a primary ordering structure in spatial terms = ramps alternative

- spatial indentity of each individua element is often a characteristic feature.

PART SIX : FIRE PLACES

EARLY SETTLEMENT:

- generally situated in teh kitchen

- most homes had relatively plain kitchen hearths

GEORGIAN:

- simple fire places reflected the classical orders

- characterised by classical motifs, symmetry and a fairly wide mantel shelf

VICTORIAN:

- principles of the georgian fire place came into play

- change = development of a register grated

- rooms centred aroud the fire place

EDWARDIAN:

- chimney pieces either = art nouveau or tudor influence

- range = been decorated to much plainer brick built english inspired fittings

MODERN:

- clean rationalism replaced ornamentation

- aesthetics determined by effective functioning

- effectively became a hole in the wall with some idaptations = structurally more fanciful fire places

PART SEVEN : SUMMARY

key ordinary elements = spaces, planes, fenstration etc. = most obvious and easily recognisable differences in the way architects detail buildings at different phases of architectural history.

- look at how technology is used to appreciate how buildings are detailed

- also standard situations that require special attention

- recognise the special circumstances that need to be particularised

- details acccur thoughout a building and each and every one has to be considered and designed

       - wall and ceiling meet = cornices

       - walls and floor meet = skirtings

       - windows and doors formed in walls

       - buildings touch the earth = plinths

       - buildings touch the sky = roof

       - roof meets walls = fascias

       - walls meet walls (stairs , fireplaces , fittings )

KiSsEs... :-)

PAUL RIGHINI-THINKING ARCHITECTURALLY. CHAPTER 9: LANGUAGE AND THE PROBLEM OF SEMANTICS

PART TWO: SPACE ENCLOSING AND DEFINING SYSTEMS

ENCLOSING :                                      DEFINING :

= space enclosed                                    = space penetrated

="room" - distinct realms                         = "space" spatially loose

                                                                  quality = connecting

= separate inside from outside                 = merge inside from outside

= spatial contained limits                         = define space= lmitless

= subject to gravity                                 = appears not to respond
                                                                               to gravity

= representational                                   = abstract

= panes individual                                   = viewed all sides

= light sources visible                              = hidden light sources

= joined components                              = distinct components

= framed and edged                               = spatially separate

= recognisable openings                          = openings are " gaps"

= hierachically ordered                            = equal in status not ordered

= continuity of surface                             = continuity of idea not
                                                                       surface

= articulation of relationships                    = articulation not joining

   of elements = positive                                    elements = relationship
                                                                           between components

= openings = primary elements                 = frame / panels = primary

THE DIFFERENT ATITUDES TO WORKING WITH SPACE:

- Introduce to some of the differences in the visual vocabulary of buildings.

- spatial systems also manifest as the details which are fashioned with these concerns in mind.

- construction gives rise to detail

( suppresses, minimised, exaggerated or supplemented )

- details occur = openings , on edges , at ends and at junctions

- degree of connection = experience of a building.

MWAAH... :-)

PAUL RIGHINI-THINKING ARCHITECTURALLY. CHAPTER 9: LANGUAGE AND THE PROBLEM OF SEMANTICS

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION

SEMANTICS = the branch of linguistics and logical concerned with meaning.

                       = the meaning of word

                       = the study of meaning that is used by humans to express themselves through language.

WHY BUILDINGS LOOK THE WAY THEY DO...?

designing buildings = deal with certain programmatic, enviromental and social issues

- people judge buildings aesthetically = primarily with how buildings look

aesthetic descriptions = proportion, composition, scale, visual wieght and contrast.

assemblages = dealing with practical limitations, particular spatial requirements and other limitating factors

                    = dominate the spatial composition

- assemblages have to be skilfully handled at a visual as well as at a practical level.

- function = consider how something will look therefore - aesthetically pleasing form that works.

totality of a building

= result of assemblage of its part = elements

- therefore be composition = know with which element we compose.

- relation between horizontal and vertical planes serve as a basics for an aethetic response.

GERMAN INTERNATIONAL PAVILION:

= deals with interconnection between outer and inner spaces. spatial distribution of the walls as planes. interacting relations of horizontal plane surface. constructed from crafted planes of different materials.

principle of movement as a structuring idea in architecture:

- moving through space = structuring idea = used to order space.

composition = relationships within the framework as it is about relationship from a single view

building experienced as a unified whole = issue of unity must be governing or primary.

" quality of an idea" = applying principles of compostition to substitute.

                              = compositional considerations simply facilitate our experience of the buildings as a

                                 unified whole.

concerne for unity = architectural composition different from a haphazard arrangment with an incomplete idea = need order.

issue of unity = central or focal idea be apparent and dominant.

FORM =visually applying if composition and proportioning is property considered.

visually interesting buildings = good spatial proportion and the proportion between elements and relationship

                                             between elements

                                         = introduction of contrast and variety

                                         = good proportion = good contrast - requires judgement and restraint

                                                                                               - define ideas and orders ideas

                                                                                               - proper treatment of solid and void

Fenstration = contrast

         - contrast of light and shade, difference in colour, tone , texture and shadow

BEAWARE= aesthetic consequences of functional and pragmaic decisions.

KISSESS...... :-)